During the last decade, investigators have reported increased rates of cancer, respiratory illnesses and adverse birth outcomes among Haifa Bay residents, an area in the northern Israel, associated with high levels of air pollution. In this study we compare Haifa Bay residents' exposure to heavy metals with residents in other regions in Israel. Specifically, we will assemble a geographically representative sample of blood donations; assess exposure to selected metals in blood donors from Haifa Bay area and compare those to the general population in Israel.